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I need help with deadlifts!

I don't know what I am doing wrong, but deadlifts are my Achilles heel. I am not a novice at working out. I have lower back problems so I am super careful with them - abs tight, back straight, spotting myself in the mirror. No matter what I do, I don't seem to be able to progress past using 3 pound weights without hurting my back. Most times I use no weight at all. I have a long torso so I don't know if this is a factor or not. I've begun to dread any workout that has deadlifts, much less multiple kinds of deadlifts in them. I can perform most of the other exercises with weights up to 15 pounds so this is not a matter of strength necessarily. Any help or advice on what I may be doing wrong or how to improve would be greatly appreciated.